Academic Degrees
M.InfoCommTech 1998 University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia Information and Communication Technology
S.Kom 1994 Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia Computer Engineering
High School Certificate 1990 National High School, Sungailiat – Bangka, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Scholarship from Universitas Bina Nusantara
1998 Postgraduate Program on Information and Communication Technology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
1997 Pre-Postgraduate Program on Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
1994 (7th and 8th semester) Student with High Achievement on GPA at Universitas Bina Nusantara
Working Experience
August 2007 – present Student Creativity Development Center Manager
Universitas Bina Nusantara
June 2000 – present Student Affair Manager
Universitas Bina Nusantara
1998 – June 2000 Sub Section Head of Student Affair on Program and Organizational Development
Universitas Bina Nusantara
May 1995 – 1996 Deputy Head of Computer Engineering Laboratory
Universitas Bina Nusantara
1994 – 1995 Head of Assistance on Computer Engineering Laboratory
Universitas Bina Nusantara
1992 – 1994 Asisstant on Computer Engineering Laboratory
Universitas Bina Nusantara
Education Experienc
1994 – 1996 Lecturer and Thesis Supervisor, Departement of Computer Engineering
Universitas Bina Nusantara
1998 – 2001 Lecturer on Magister Management Information System Postgraduate Program
Universitas Bina Nusantara
1998 – present Lecturer and Thesis Supervisor, Department of Information Technology
Universitas Bina Nusantara
Organization Experience
February – December 1997 International Student Representative for School of Information Technology and Computer Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
1994 – 1995 Martial Art of Catholic Student Association Universitas Bina Nusantara
2005 and 2006 Supervisor Coordinator of Binusian 2009 and 2010 Student Orientation Program, Universitas Bina Nusantara
2004 – 2006 Steering Committee Student Organization Management Training, Universitas Bina Nusantara
1999 – 2003 Head Committee Student Organization Management Training, Universitas Bina Nusantara
2000 and 2001 Head Committee Binusian 2004 and 2005 Student Orientation Program, Universitas Bina Nusantara
1999 Vice Head Committee of 17th and 18th Student Organization Management Training, Universitas Bina Nusantara
July 30 – August 31, 1999 Committee Binusian 2003 Student Orientation Program, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta
7 – 11 June 1999 Head Committee of Parallel Vote Tabulation (PVT) Data Entry on Indonesia 1999 General Election, Indonesian Rector Forum in cooperation with The Jimmy Carter Center USA, VISITEL, Wisma Antara, Jakarta
June 5, 1999 Coordinator of PVT Data Entry Trial Program General Election Observer, Indonesian Rector Forum of Indonesia, VISITEL, Wisma Antara, Jakarta
June 5, 1999 National Training Coordinator PVT Operator, VISITEL, Wisma Antara, Jakarta
17 –19 December 1998 Committee Hardware Design Competition, Computer Engineering Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta
August 17, 1997 Head of 52nd Indonesian Independence Day Committee at University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
Publications
1. Elidjen, Rehabeam, Yenni, (2007) “ The Use of Genetic Algorithm in Solving Software Laboratory Work Timetabling: Case Study at Software Laboratory Universitas Bina Nusantara, Indonesia”, the International Conference on Soft Computing, Intelligent System & Information Technology 2007 Proceedings, July 2007.
2. Elidjen (2006). “Call Center: Alternatif Optimalisasi Layanan Bisnis (2006).” Technology National Seminar III 2006 Proceedings, December 2006.
3. Elidjen, Firlyanti, Stephanus Judodihardjo, Tofik Indradjaja (2005). “Aplikasi Sistem Pemesanan Tiket Bioskop 21 Berbasis Web dan WAP.” Information Technology Application National Seminar 2005 Proceedings. June 2005.
4. Elidjen, Hendy Budianto, Lilyawati Yohanes, Novianto Wibowo Nugroho (2004). “Aplikasi Pembayaran Jalan Tol dengan Smart Card Menggunakan Algoritma Enkripsi IDEA dan 3DES: Studi Kasus pada P.T. Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada.” Information Technology Application Seminar National 2005 Proceedings. June 2004.
5. Elidjen, Dimas Tandayu, Diana Bachtiar, Andrew Kris Susanto (2005). “Analisis dan Perancangan Corporate CD Berbasiskan Multimedia pada Sekolah Kyriakon.“ Information Technology Periodic Technical Report Universitas Bina Nusantara Vol. 13 No.2 September 2005.
6. Elidjen, Hendrik, Iwan Hasim, & Tarwin Damai (2004). “Analisis dan Perancangan Kios Informasi Orkid Studio Berbasiskan Multimedia.” Interface Journal Universitas Bina Nusantara Vol.1 No.1 June 2004
7. Elidjen, Eko Prasetyo A., Dony Prasetyo, Pahala Basuki (2004). “Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Promosi Mobil Berbasiskan Multimedia pada PT Astra Internasional Tbk – BMW.” Information Technology Periodic Technical Report Universitas Bina Nusantara Vol 12 No 2, September 2004.
8. Elidjen, Ricky Halim Putra, Hendi Witarsa, Benny Chan (2003). “Analisis dan Perancangan Aplikasi Pendukung E-Commerce Bidang Property dengan Konsep Peer To Peer Berbasiskan Protokol JXTA.” Information Technology Periodic Technical Report Universitas Bina Nusantara Vol 11 No 3, September 2003
9. Elidjen, Herman Susanto, Ady Yoannatan, Christian Lesmana (2002). “Analisis dan Perancangan Perangkat Ajar Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Berbasiskan Multimedia.” Information Technology Periodic Technical Report Vol 10 No.3 September 2002.
10. Elidjen, Sanny Prasetio, Susanty Liga S., Evelyn (2002). “Analisis dan Perancangan Perangkat Ajar Transformasi Geometri untuk Sekolah Menengah Umum Berbasis Multimedia.” Information Technology Periodic Technical Report Universitas Bina Nusantara Vol 10 No 1, March 2002.
11. Elidjen, Fenny Febrijanti Juwono, Alfred Anantra L., Ferry Gunawan (2001). “Perangkat Ajar Fisika Bidang Tata Surya untuk Siswa SLTP Barbasiskan Multimedia.” Information Technology Periodic Technical Report Universitas Bina Nusantara Vol 9 No 4, December 2001.
12. Elidjen (2000). “Peran Teknologi Informasi dalam Diseminasi Keilmuan Mengembangkan Mekanisme Belajar Mengajar.” Kumpulan Makalah Seminar Nasional Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dalam Komunikasi Pendidikan, May 2000
13. Alex Gunawan, Fransiscus Ati Halim, Elidjen (1998). “Sistem Monitoring Absensi Berbasis Komputer.” Computer Engineering Journal Universitas Bina Nusantara, Vol.6 No.1-2, May 1998.
14. Tedja Sumana, Kuat Rahardjo T.S., Elidjen, Andy Rahmat (1998). “Prototipe Mesin Cuci Otomatis Menggunakan Sistem Minimum.” on Computer Engineering Journal Universitas Bina Nusantara, Vol.6 No.1-2 May 1998.
15. Elidjen (1998). “Peranan dan Tantangan Manajer Telekomunikasi dalam Perencanaan Aplikasi Bisnis Baru.” Jurnal Binus, Vol.6., No.2 dan 3, September 1998.
16. Ferry Surjadi, Kuat Rahardjo, Elidjen (1996). “Simulasi Rangkaian Digital Berbasis Graphical User Interface (GUI).” Computer Engineering Periodic Technical Report LTB STMIK Bina Nusantara, Vol.2 No.1, April 1996.
17. Wilius Indragunawan, S., Harjanto P., Elidjen (1996). “Pengendali Pintu Otomatis dengan Bar Code Interleaved Two of Five (ITF) Berbasiskan Mikroprosesor 8088.” on Computer Engineering Periodic Technical Report LTB STMIK Bina Nusantara, Vol.2 No.1, April 1996
18. Edwin Harpino, Kuat Rahardjo, Elidjen (1995). “Sistem Keamanan Gedung yang Berlantai Banyak.” Computer Engineering Journal Universitas Bina Nusantara STMIK Bina Nusantara, Vol.1 No.1, December 1995.
19. Elidjen (1994). “Sistem Bar Code: Alternatif Pengumpul Data yang Efektif dan Efisien”, Jayabina STMIK Bina Nusantara, Vol.2 No.2, December 1994.
Presentation and Paper
1. Elidjen,” Be All You Can Be,” The Treasure of Talent Charity Talk Show, Bina Nusantara English Club, June 12, 2009.
2. Elidjen, “Innovation and Creative Thinking Skills.”
· Invited presentation at Latihan Pengurus, Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Bina Nusantara Mandarin Club (BNMC), Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, February 20, 2009.
· A paper presented at Hana Bankers Development Program, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, January 30, 2009.
· Invited presentation at Latihan Kepemimpinan Manajemen Organisasi, Student Department Association of Industrial Engineering, Villa Koliba, Puncak, February 16, 2009.
· A paper presented at Create Sharing Knowledge for Universitas Bina Nusantara Executive, Universitas Bina Nusantara, December 17, 2008.
· A paper presented at Seminar on Current Information Technology Topic Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 5, 2009, December 10 & 12, 2008.
· A paper presented at “Employee Training Program”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, November 25, 2008.
3. Elidjen, “Create Your Own Destiny.”
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Invited presentation for Tiara Kasih Junior and Senior High School, Teach for Indonesia, Binus Alummi Center Binus University, Jakarta, June 6, 2009.
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Invited presentation for Bina Nusantara University Computer Engineering Students, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, May 29, 2009.
· Invited presentation at Latihan Pengurus, Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Bina Nusantara Mandarin Club (BNMC), Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, February 20, 2009.
· Invited presentation at “Latihan Dasar Kepemimpinan” Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Mahasiswa Bina Nusantara Pencinta Alam (SWANARAPALA), February 12, 2009.
· Invited presentation at “Mentor Training Program” Student Advisory Center Universitas Bina Nusantarata. Jakarta, December 6, 2008.
· Invited presentation for Materdai High School “OSIS Training Program”, Student Advisory Center “Mentor Training Program” Universitas Bina Nusantarata. Jakarta, December 9, 2008.
4. Elidjen, “Tidak Ada Sukses Tanpa Perubahan”, A paper presented at Pelita II High School Leadership Training Programme, September 2007.
5. Elidjen, “Thinking Out of the Box for Turnaround and Profit Improvement”, A paper presented at Create Sharing Knowledge for Universitas Bina Nusantara Executive, June 2007.
6. Elidjen (2006). “Call Center: Alternatif Optimalisasi Layanan Bisnis (2006).” Technology National Seminar III 2006, December 2006.
7. Elidjen, Firlyanti, Stephanus Judodihardjo, Tofik Indradjaja (2005). “Aplikasi Sistem Pemesanan Tiket Bioskop 21 Berbasis Web dan WAP.” Information Technology Application National Seminar 2005, June 2005.
8. Elidjen, Hendy Budianto, Lilyawati Yohanes, Novianto Wibowo Nugroho (2004). “Aplikasi Pembayaran Jalan Tol dengan Smart Card Menggunakan Algoritma Enkripsi IDEA dan 3DES: Studi Kasus pada P.T. Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada.” Information Technology Application Seminar National 2005, June 2004.
9. Elidjen, “How to be A Good Leader.”
· A paper presented at Hana Bankers Development Program, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, March 10, 2009.
· Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 22, 2007 and September 19, 2006.
· A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 22, 2007 and September 19, 2006.
· Invited presentation at “Student Organization Leadership Training”, Pelita II High School, Jakarta, November 24, 2006.
10. Elidjen, “Perencanaan Program Kerja.” A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 22, 2007, September 19 and March 24, 2006.
11. Smart Card.“ A paper presented at Seminar on Current Information Technology Topic Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 28&29, February 2, 2007, March 21 and May 3, 2006
12. Elidjen & Yuni Wulandari, “How to be A Good Leader.” A paper presented at Mentor
Training Student Orientation Program Binusian 2010 at Universitas Bina Nusantara. July 14,
2006.
13. Call Center: Alternatif Optomalisasi Layanan Bisnis.” A paper presented at Seminar on
Current Information Technology Topic Universitas Bina Nusantara. November 30, 2005.
14. Elidjen, “Mengenal Peran dan Memberdayakan Tim.”
· Invited presentation for Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Bina Nusantara “Management and Leadership Organization Training”, Perkebunan Teh Ciliwung, TelagaWarna, Puncak. November 29, 2005.
· A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 13, 2004.
15. Elidjen (2005). “Komunikasi yang Efektif dalam Team.”
· Invited presentation for Yos Sudarso High School “Basic Student Leadership Training”, Kerawang, Bekasi. October 27, 2005
· Inveted presentation for Abdi Siswa Catholic High School “Basic Student Leadership Training”, Wisma Cibulan, Puncak. January 18, 2005.
16. Elidjen, “Motivasi Berorganisasi.” Paper presented at “Senior High School Student Organization Gathering”, Universitas Bina Nusantara. November 29, 2004.
17. Elidjen, “Perencanaan Program Kerja dan Pengelolaan Anggaran. A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 11, 2004.
18. Elidjen, “Impromptu Speech.” A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 22, 2002.
19. Elidjen, “Penyusunan Program Kerja, Laporan, dan Evaluasi Kegiatan.” A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 30, 2001.
20. Elidjen, “Perfect Meeting.”
· A paper presented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara. March 31, 2000; November 23 and April 3, 2000.
· Invited presentation for Department of Computerized Accounting Universitas Bina Nusantara “Basic Leadership Organization Training.” February 10, 2000. Wisma Cibulan, Puncak. January 18, 2005.
21. Elidjen, “Pembuatan Proposal, Rencana Anggaran, & Sponsorship.” A paper resented at Student Organization Management Training Universitas Bina Nusantara.November 25, 2000.
22. Elidjen, “Strategi Pembinaan Organisasi Kemahasiswaan.” A paper presented at Induction Program for Universitas Bina Nusantara Executive. August 16, 2000.
23. Elidjen, “Introduction to the Internet.” A paper presented at Bina Nusantara Senior High School Teacher Training, Jakarta. July 13, 1998 and at Bina Nusantara Senior High School Student Training. August, 1998.
24. Elidjen, “Parallel Vote Tabulation (PVT).” A paper presented for General Election Observer from Indonesian Rector Forum at Universitas Bina Nusantara, STIE Kalbe (participants from: STIE Kalbe, STIE IGI, STMIK Widuri), and Universitas Satyagama. 27, 29 May, 1-2 June 1999.
25. Elidjen, “Limited Monitoring (LM) Model Sensus dan Sampling.” A paper presented for
General for General Election Observer from Indonesian Rector Forum at Universitas Bina
Nusantara and Universitas Satyagama. April 27, May 27, 29, 1999.
As Moderator
April 15, 2006 Seminar on “Exploring the Value Adding of Supply Chain Management”, Universitas Bina Nusantara
15 – 17 April 2003 Seminar on “High Speed Wireless Technology”, Universitas Bina Nusantara
April 15, 2000 Seminar on “E-Commerce Mengguncang Indonesia”, Jakarta Design Center
October 7, 1999 Seminar on “Awas Bahaya Narkotik dan Zat Adiktif di Sekitar Kita”, Universitas Bina Nusantara
October 26, 1998 One Day National Seminar on “Future Technology”, Jakarta Design Center
As Participant on Training, Seminar/Workshop, Course, and Convention
Seminar on “Quality Awareness Workshop”, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, August 22-23,
2007.
Workshop on ”The Magic of Personal Power”, Psyche Training Center, Jakarta, May 21-22,
2007.
Seminar on ”Dengan Jiwa dan Semangat Kebangkitan Nasional Kita Perkokoh Indonesia yang
Adil, Damai, dan Sejahtera, Departemen Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia, May
16, 2007.
Workshop on ”Emotional Intelligence”, Inspire Consulting, Jakarta, April 30 – May 1, 2007.
Lecture on ”The Online Business Landscape in The Age of Google & Googleize Your Business:
How to Innovate Like The World’s Fastest Moving Company”, PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama,
Jakarta, April 20, 2007.
Workshop on ”Developing of Motivation Program”, Student Advisory Center Universitas Bina
Nusantara, Jakarta, March 13, 2007
Seminar on “Dengan Jiwa dan Semangat Kepahlawanan Kita Perkokoh Negara Kesatuan
Republik Indonesia”, Dirjen Sarana Komunikasi dan Diseminasi Informasi, Jakarta, November
15, 2006.
Worshop on ”Human Resource Information System”, Inspire Consulting, Jakarta, September 5-6,
2006
Workshop on “Induction Program”, Student Advisory Center Universitas Bina Nusantara,
Jakarta, August 14, 2006.
Training on “Coaching and Counseling”, Inspire Consulting, Jakarta, 2-3 August, 2006.
Seminar on “ISO 9001:2000 for Frontliners”, PT. Phitagoras Global Duta, Jakarta, 27-28 July,
2006.
One Day National Seminar on “Corporate Culture Management”, Universitas Bina Nusantara in
cooperation with Immara Consulting, Jakarta. July 19, 2006.
Workshop on “Design a Good Counselling Model”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. June 30,
2006.
Workshop on “Socialization and Understanding of Mentoring Model”, Universitas Bina
Nusantara, Jakarta. June 29, 2006.
Workshop on “Design and Evaluation of Supporting Program in Student Advisory Center”,
Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. June 22, 2006
Seminar on “Games Programming Design and Prospect”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta.
May 6, 2006.
Training on “Pencegahan Narkoba bagi Pembina Kemahasiswaan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta”,
Kopertis Wilayah III, Jakarta. November 17, 2005.
Seminar on “Jaringan Komputer dengan IP6”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. September
24, 2005.
Seminar on “Software Project Management”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. April 30,
2005.
Training on “Pembuatan Satuan Acara Perkuliahan (SAP) dan Module Plan (MP)”, Universitas
Bina Nusantara, Jakarta.. May 14, 2005.
Training on “Pembuatan Soal Ujian”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. May 14 & 28 2005.
Training on “Understanding ISO 9001:2000”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. July 16, 2005
Campus Convention “Masa Depan Indonesia.” Universitas Gadjah Mada. 20 – 22 May 2004.
Seminar on “Education Criteria for Performance Excellence based on Malcolm Baldrige National
Quality Program.”, Quality Assurance Center & SPMU – TPSDP. February 18, 2004.
Workshop on “Learning Space 5 – Collaboration, Learning Space 5 – Content Creation, &
Learning Space 5 – Assessment & Monitoring.” Learning Resource Center & Product
Development Center Universitas Bina Nusantara. June 27, 2003.
Training on “Mastering Non Linear Editing 2.” Maximus College, 11-23 June 2003.
Workshop on “Analisis Instruksional dan Module Plan.” Learning Resource Center Universitas
Bina Nusantara. 2&9 May, 2003.
Training on “Understanding Adult Learning Principles.” Learning Resource Center Universitas
Bina Nusantara. May 9, 2003.
Training on “Taxonomi Bloom.” Learning Resource Center Universitas Bina Nusantara. May 2,
2003.
Workshop on “Penulisan Proposal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah”, Universitas Bina Nusantara,
Jakarta. 14 – 15 July 2000.
Seminar on “Application Migration and Compatibility in Windows 2000”, Universitas Bina
Nusantara, Jakarta. July 1, 2000
Seminar on “Quantum Learning”, Mizan Learning Center in cooperation with Bobbi DePorter
(President Learning Forum USA). March 8, 2000
Training on “Outbound Management”, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta. 25 – 27 January
2000
Seminar & Open House on “Robotika & Digital Signal Processing”, Universitas Bina Nusantara,
Jakarta. September 25, 1999
Seminar on “Knowledge Management”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. September 11, 1999
Training on “Voters Education”, Indonesian Rector Forum. 27 – 28 May 1999
Training on “Parallel Vote Tabulation (PVT)”, Indonesian Rector Forum. 25 – 26 May 1999
Training on “Pemantau Pemilu Tingkat Regional Se-DKI Jakarta”, Indonesian Rector Forum. 25
– 26 April 1999
Training of Trainers on “Basic Student Organization Management (PP-LKMM-TD) PTS Wilayah
Rayon I”, Kopertis Wilayah III, Bogor. 22 – 24 March 1999
Workshop on “Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO-9000 Perguruan Tinggi dengan topik Strategi
Penyiapan dan Pelaksanaan Program Audit Mutu dalam Operasional Perguruan Tinggi”,
Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. 10 – 11 September 1998
Workshop on “Konsep Dasar Penelitian Ilmiah”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. August 15,
1998
Workshop on “Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO-9000 Perguruan Tinggi dengan topik Strategi
Pengelolaan Dokumentasi Sistem Mutu ISO-9000 Perguruan Tinggi”, Universitas Bina
Nusantara, Jakarta. 6 – 7 August 1998
Training on “Metode Mengajar”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. May 12, 1998
Advanced English for Academic Purposes Course, Wollongong English Language Center
(WELC), New South Wales, Australia. December 1996 – February1997
Workshop on “Total Quality Management (TQM)”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta.
November 9, 1996
Technology Colloquium on “Rekayasa Informasi dan Penerapannya”, Applied Technology
Laboratories Universitas Bina Nusantara in cooperation with PT. Oracle Indonesia, Jakarta.
November 7, 1996
One Day Seminar on “The Use of Light Detecting for Environmental Monitoring, Reseach and
Development Center for Calibration, Instrumentation, and Meteorology in cooperation with
University of Indonesia, Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT),
Agency for The Control of Impact of Environment (BAPEDAL), LAPAN, NEDO, OITDA,
Puspitek, Serpong, Tangerang. October 21, 1996
Training on “Student Group Discussion Supervisor”, Director General of Advanced Institusions
Depdikbud Republic of Indonesia (Depdikbud RI) dan Dirjen Dikti, Bogor. 26 – 29 May 1996
Seminar on “Web Design”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. May 21, 1996
Workshop on “Penulisan dan Penyuntingan Karya Ilmiah”, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta.
September 23, 1995
One Day National Seminar on, “Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi Menghadapi Abad 21”, Jakarta.
May 30, 1995
Workshop on “Structured System Analysis and Design Method”, Universitas Bina Nusantara,
Jakarta. May 5, 1995
Journalistic Seminar and Discussion: “Feature Technical Writing”, Democrator of Bina
Nusantara Advanced Education Institute of Information Management and Computer. March 24,
1994
“AS/400 System Operation” Course, Bina Nusantara Training and Recruitment Center, Jakarta. 9
– 20 August 1993
“Computer Technician” Course, AU-VI Institute, Jakarta. October 1991 – January 1992